حکمرانی منابع طبیعی

حکمرانی منابع طبیعی

حکمرانی یکپارچۀ حوزۀ آبخیز و نقش آن در سازگاری پایدار با تغییر اقلیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه احیای مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.
2 گروه احیای مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
چکیده
مدیریت همه‌سونگر منابع آب و خاک هر حوزه آبخیز به‌دلیل پیچیدگی و ابعاد مکانی و زمانی، ارتباط با قوانین طبیعی و سازمان‌های دولتی، غیردولتی و خصوصی و ارتباط با مسئولیت‌های امنیت غذایی از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. به‌عبارت ‌دیگر مدیریت جامع آبخیز، حکمرانی هماهنگ و موزون بر سیستم‌های فیزیکی، بیولوژیک و اجتماعی و اقتصادی است و شرایطی را فراهم می‌سازد که ضمن تأمین منافع جامعه، تأثیر منفی بر منابع به حداقل برسد. هدف این پژوهش، نخست، بررسی تأثیرات تغییر اقلیم در سه بخش منابع آب، فرسایش خاک و رسوب و مشکلات زیست‌محیطی است. این پژوهش تلاش دارد که رویکرد مدیریتی هدفمندی را در زمینۀ دستیابی به حکمرانی منابع طبیعی و یک حوزه آبخیز سازگار با تغییرات اقلیمی ارائه کند. بدین منظور ابتدا نقاط قوت و ضعف، فرصت‌ها و تهدیدهای ناشی از تغییر اقلیم در نقاط مختلف کرۀ زمین شناسایی و سپس ماتریسSWOT و برنامه‌ریزی راهبردی کمّی برای اولویت‌بندی راهبردها تدوین شد. با توجه به نتایج، راهبردهای تغییر تدریجی پذیرفته شدند که نشان‌دهندۀ برتری قوت‌ها نسبت به ضعف‌ها و اختلاف فرصت‌ها نسبت به تهدیدهاست که البته بسیار نزدیک به راهبردهای تدافعی یا کاهشی است. بنابراین راهبردهای استخراج‌شده از ماتریس SWOT رویکرد مدیریتی دارند که اهداف اصلی این راهبردها توسعۀ آبخیزداری و مدیریت جامع حوزه‌های آبخیز در جهت سازگاری با تغییر اقلیم است.
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