Synergy of Good Governance and Participatory Planning in the Implementation of Nature-Based Solutions: A Framework for Sustainable Development

Document Type : Original Article

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Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

In recent decades, complex environmental challenges such as climate change, habitat degradation, water scarcity, threats to food security, public health, and economic development have posed significant risks to human societies. Evidence shows that traditional management approaches alone are insufficient to effectively address these crises and have often intensified social conflicts and reduced long-term sustainability. Nature-based solutions have emerged as an innovative and transformative approach that draws on ecosystem processes and services to meet human needs across various sectors while preserving and restoring natural capital. However, the success and sustainability of these projects depend not only on technical and environmental aspects but also on effective institutional and social frameworks. This qualitative study analyzes upstream documents to propose a framework explaining the synergistic mechanism between good governance and participatory planning in implementing nature-based solutions. Findings indicate that success requires simultaneous attention to local, transnational, institutional, and sectoral dimensions. Key factors influencing project success include active stakeholder participation, transparent processes, international cooperation, use of smart administrative systems, sustainable agriculture, clean transportation, and sustainable ecotourism. Integrating good governance with participatory planning, along with multi-level governance and institutional innovations, provides a strong foundation for sustainable development and improved quality of life.

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