خامنهای، س.ع. (۱۳۹۳). سیاستهای کلی سلامت [ابلاغشده در ۱۸ فروردین ۱۳۹۳]. پایگاه اطلاعرسانی دفتر حفظ و نشر آثار حضرت آیتاللهالعظمی سیدعلی خامنهای. https://farsi.khamenei.ir/news-content?id=26083
خامنهای، س.ع. (۱۳۹۳). سیاستهای کلی علم و فناوری (نظام آموزش عالی، تحقیقات و فناوری) [ابلاغشده در ۲۹ شهریور ۱۳۹۳]. پایگاه اطلاعرسانی دفتر حفظ و نشر آثار حضرت آیتاللهالعظمی سیدعلی خامنهای https://farsi.khamenei.ir/news-content?id=27599
خامنهای، س.ع. (۱۳۹۴). سیاستهای کلی محیط زیست [ابلاغشده در ۲۶ آبان ۱۳۹۴]. پایگاه اطلاعرسانی دفتر حفظ و نشر آثار حضرت آیتاللهالعظمی سیدعلی خامنهای . https://farsi.khamenei.ir/news-content?id=31422
سند ملّی دانشبنیان امنیت غذایی. (۱۴۰۲). سند ملّی دانشبنیان امنیت غذایی [مصوب جلسه ۸۸۱ شورای عالی انقلاب فرهنگی، ۱۲ اردیبهشت ۱۴۰۲]. دبیرخانه شورای عالی انقلاب فرهنگی. https://sccr.ir/pub/1/2417
سند ملّی گیاهان دارویی و طب سنتی. (۱۳۹۲). سند ملّی گیاهان دارویی و طب سنتی [مصوب جلسه ۷۳۵ شورای عالی انقلاب فرهنگی، ۲۵ تیر ۱۳۹۲]. دبیرخانه شورای عالی انقلاب فرهنگی. https://sccr.ir/act/638
شورای عالی اداری. (۱۴۰۳). نقشه راه دولت هوشمند [مصوبه شماره ۶۷۲۶، یکصد و نود و چهارمین جلسه شورای عالی اداری، ۲۲ اسفند ۱۴۰۳]. https://rc.majlis.ir/en/law/show/1852400
قربانی، م.، آذرنیوند، ح.، مهرابی، ع.ا.، باستانی، س.، جعفری، م.، و نایبی، ه. (۱۳۹۱). تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی: رویکردی نوین در سیاستگذاری و برنامهریزی مدیریت مشارکتی منابع طبیعی. مرتع و آبخیزداری، ۶۵(۴)، ۵۵۳–۵۶۸. https://doi.org/10.22059/jrwm.2012.32053
مجلس شورای اسلامی. (۱۴۰۳). قانون برنامه پنجساله هفتم پیشرفت جمهوری اسلامی ایران (۱۴۰۳–۱۴۰۷) [مصوب جلسه علنی ۱ خرداد ۱۴۰۳]. مرکز پژوهشهای مجلس شورای اسلامی. https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/1809128
مظفریان، و. (۱۳۹۱). شناخت گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران. فرهنگ معاصر.
References
Bandara, K. M. N. T. K., & Katukurunda, K. G. W. K. (2024). Exploring the blockchain's green revolution in medicinal plant supply chains (Blossoming Trust): A review. Journal of Agriculture and Value Addition, 7(2), 35–57. https://doi.org/10.4038/java.v7i2.137
Booker, A., Johnston, D., & Heinrich, M. (2012). Value chains of herbal medicines: Research needs and key challenges in the context of ethnopharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 140(3), 624–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.039
Chandra, P., & Kumar, J. (2021). Linking the medicinal and aromatic plants business to sustainable resource management and economic prosperity: A value chain analysis. Area Development and Policy, 6(4), 470–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2020.1870409
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Dalir, S., Choobchian, S., & Abbasi, E. (2025). Identifying the relative importance of cultivating medicinal plants in improving rural livelihoods. Environmental Development, 54, Article 101159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101159
Dixon-Woods, M. (2011). Using framework-based synthesis for conducting reviews of qualitative studies. BMC Medicine, 9, Article 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-9-39
Ducuing, C., & Reich, R. H. (2023). Data governance: Digital product passports as a case study. Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, 24(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/17835917231152799
European Commission. (2024). Implementing the Data Governance Act: Guidance document. Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/new-practical-guide-data-governance-act
Farajpour, M., Ebrahimi, M., Sadat-Hosseini, M., Al-Fekaiki, D. F., & Baghizadeh, A. (2024). Multivariate analysis of the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties in twenty-five accessions across three Achillea species. Scientific Reports, 14, Article 11843. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62834-1
Folke, C., Biggs, R., Norström, A., Reyers, B., & Rockström, J. (2016). Social-ecological resilience and biosphere-based sustainability science. Ecology and Society, 21(3), Article 41. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08748-210341
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2019). The state of the world's biodiversity for food and agriculture. FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. https://doi.org/10.4060/CA3129EN
Ghafouri, S., Safaeian, R., Ghanbarian, G., & Lautenschläger, T. (2025). Medicinal plants used by local communities in southern Fars Province, Iran. Scientific Reports, 15, Article 5742. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88341-5
Hassanpouraghdam, M. B., Ghorbani, H., Esmaeilpour, M., Alford, M. H., Strzemski, M., & Dresler, S. (2022). Diversity and distribution patterns of endemic medicinal and aromatic plants of Iran: Implications for conservation and habitat management. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), Article 1552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031552
Heinrich, M., Scotti, F., Andrade-Cetto, A., Berger-Gonzalez, M., Echeverría, J., Friso, F., Garcia-Cardona, F., Hesketh, A., Hitziger, M., Maake, C., Politi, M., Spadafora, C., & Spadafora, R. (2020). Access and benefit sharing under the Nagoya Protocol: Quo vadis? Six Latin American case studies assessing opportunities and risk. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, Article 765. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00765
Heirany, A., & Kolahi, M. (2023). Ethnobotanical studies in Iran's rangelands. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 17(11), 305–323. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2023.7326
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. (2019). Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services. IPBES Secretariat. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831673
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. (2024). Thematic assessment report on the interlinkages among biodiversity, water, food and health (Nexus Assessment). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13850054
Janssen, M., & van der Voort, H. (2020). Agile and adaptive governance in crisis response: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Information Management, 55, Article 102180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102180
Jouanjean, M.-A., Casalini, F., Wiseman, L., & Gray, E. (2020). Issues around data governance in the digital transformation of agriculture: The farmers' perspective (OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers No. 146). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/53ecf2ab-en
Kaplinsky, R., & Morris, M. (2019). Trade and industrialisation in Africa: SMEs, manufacturing and cluster dynamics. Journal of African Trade, 6(1–2), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.2991/jat.k.190812.001
Mpelangwa, E. M., Makindara, J. R., Sørensen, O. J., & Bengesi, K. M. K. (2022). The value chain of traded products of medicinal plants in Tanzania: The emerging role of formulators. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 13(1), 114. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-06-2021-0287
National AYUSH Mission. (2018). Operational guidelines for medicinal plants. Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India. https://namayush.gov.in/sites/all/themes/webcms/images/org_str/publication_operational_guideline_english.pdf
National AYUSH Mission. (2022). Strategic roadmap for medicinal and aromatic plants in India. Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India. https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1842664&lang=2®=48
National Medicinal Plants Board. (2021). Annual report on medicinal plant conservation and cultivation. Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India. https://ayush.gov.in/resources/annualReport/Annual_Report_2020-2021_English.pdf
National Medicinal Plants Board. (2026). Functions of the Board. Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India. https://nmpb.nic.in
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2019). The path to becoming a data-driven public sector. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/059814a7-en
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2022). Going digital guide to data governance policy making. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/40d53904-en
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2023). OECD digital education outlook 2023: Towards an effective digital education ecosystem. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/c74f03de-en
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2024). Securing medical supply chains in a post-pandemic world. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/119c59d9-en
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, & Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2016). OECD-FAO guidance for responsible agricultural supply chains. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264251052-en
Ostrom, E. (2015). Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action (Canto Classics ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316423936
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. Free Press.
Rankoana, S. A. (2024). A review on the use of indigenous knowledge for medicinal plants conservation. Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, 14(1), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.31924/nrsd.v14i1.156
Saunders, B., Sim, J., Kingstone, T., Baker, S., Waterfield, J., Bartlam, B., Burroughs, H., & Jinks, C. (2018). Saturation in qualitative research: Exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Quality & Quantity, 52(4), 1893–1907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0574-8
Scott, J. (1990). A matter of record: Documentary sources in social research. Polity Press.
Shariatzadeh, M., Bijani, M., & Bahadori, F. (2025). Sustainable development of Iran's medicinal plant exports to the global value chain: A strategic analysis. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 9, Article 1500168. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1500168
Singh, R., Sharma, A., & Dunkwal, V. (2025). A review on marketing and supply chain of medicinal plants using PRISMA. International Journal of Minor Fruits, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 11(1), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.53552/ijmfmap.11.1.2025.78-86
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2021). BioTrade principles and criteria for terrestrial, marine and other aquatic biodiversity-based products and services. United Nations. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ditcted2020d2_en.pdf
Vasisht, K., Sharma, N., & Karan, M. (2016). Current perspective in the international trade of medicinal plants material: An update. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 22(27), 4288–4336. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666160607070736
Volenzo, T., & Odiyo, J. (2020). Integrating endemic medicinal plants into the global value chains: The ecological degradation challenges and opportunities. Heliyon, 6(9), Article e04970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04970
World Health Organization. (2019). WHO global report on traditional and complementary medicine. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/978924151536
World Health Organization. (2025). Global traditional medicine strategy 2025–2034. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240113176
Yik, M. H. Y., Taam Wong, V. C. W., Wong, T. H., & Shaw, P. C. (2021). HerBChain, a blockchain-based informative platform for quality assurance and quality control of herbal products. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 11(6), 598–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.07.005
Zamani, S., Fathi, M., Ebadi, M.-T., & Máthé, Á. (2025). Global trade of medicinal and aromatic plants: A review. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, Article 101910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101910
Zhang, A., & Seuring, S. (2024). Digital product passport for sustainable and circular supply chain management: A structured review of use cases. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 27(12), 2513–2540. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2024.2374256
Zhang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2023). Recent trends of machine learning applied to multi-source data of medicinal plants. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 13(12), 1388–1407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2023.07.012
Zhong, L., Wu, X., Ding, R., Wang, C., Li, L., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Gu, R., & Zhong, S. (2025). Perspectives on the application of remote sensing technology in the cultivation of medicinal plants. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 46(5), 2055–2088. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2024.2443620